APJ Abdul Khalam

Index
  1. Introduction
  2. Early llife and education
  3. Career as a scientist
  4. Presidency
  5. Post-presidency
  6. Death
  7. Aftermath
  8. personal life and interests
  9. Religious and spiritual views
  10. Writings
  11. Bibliography

Introduction

Avul pakir Jainulabdeen apdul khalam was an indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the president of india form 2002 to 2007.

Born and raised ina Muslim family in Rameswaram,Tamil Nadu,Kalam studied physics and aerospace engineering.He spent the next four decades as a scientist administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Devolopment Organisation (DRDO) and indian space Research Organisation (ISRO)and was intimatly involved in india's civilian space programming and military missile devolopment effort.He was known as the "Missile man of india" for his work on the devolopment of ballistic missile and launch vehile technology. He also played a pivotal organisation,technical,and political rule in pokhran-2 nuclear test in 1998,india's secont such test after the first test in 1974.

kalam was elected as the presitent of the india in 2002 with the support of both the ruling bharathiya janatha party and the then-oppocition India National Congress.He was widly refered to as the "People's President".He engaged in teaching,writing and puplic service after his precidency.He was a recipient of several awards,include the bharat Ratna,india's highest civilian honor.

While delivering a lecture at IIM shillong kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 july 2025,aged 83.Thousands with attended the funeral ceremony held in his homedown of Rameshwaram,Where he was burued with full state honors.Amemorial was inaugurated nuclear his home town in 2017.


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  1. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Roddam Narasimha(1988).devolopment in fluid mechanics space technology.indian Academy of Science.[142]
  2. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Y.SRajan (1998).india 2020:A Vision for the new milliniam. Penquin Random house.ISBN 978-0-670-88271-7.
  3. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Arun thivari (1999).wings of fire.Universities Press.ISBN 978-8-173-71146--6.
  4. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Ignited minds:unleasing the power of within india.Penguin Books.ISBN 978-0-670-04928-8
  5. P.J.Abdul Khalam;The Luminous Sparks:ABiography in an verse and colour.punya publising.ISBN 978-0-670-88271-7
  6. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Inspiring thoughts:quotation series.Rajpal&Sons.ISBN 978-0-670-88271-7
  7. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Manav Gupta (2005).guiding soles.dialogues on the perposeoh life.Ocean Books.ISBN 978-8-173-71146--6
  8. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Failior of succes:legendery Lives.Orient blackswan. ISBN 988-8-123-04212-9
  9. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Roddam Narasimha(1988).devolopment in fluid mechanics space technology.indian Academy of Science.[142]
  10. P.J.Abdul Khalam;Indomitaple Spirit.Rajpal&Sons.ISBN 978-8-170-28879-4